English Paper on Holes Essay Example for Free

English Paper on Holes Essay The movie codes and shows are extraordinarily utilized in the film Holes, coordinated by Andrew Davis, to build characters and build up the air. The film is about a little youngster, Stanley Yelnats, who is dishonestly blamed for taking a couple of shoes. As a discipline, he is sent to camp Greenlake, where he meats and finds an antiquated mystery that drives him to extraordinary fortune. All through the film specialized, representative, sound and composed codes are utilized to exhibit the characters’ characters just as make a significant environment in each scene. These filmic shows help the crowd to acquire a more clear comprehension of the primary characters and the film itself. The honest and benevolent nature of Stanley is viably exhibited through the film codes and shows. He is a hero in the film and experiences the most change to his character and conduct all through the film. In the absolute first scene, Stanley’s voice over is utilized saying â€Å"All my life, I appear to show up at an inappropriate time in an inappropriate place†. This sound code greatly affects the viewer’s assessment of Stanley, showing that he is awkward or unfortunate. Somewhat further into the film, strategies, for example, ensemble and setting are all around utilized. Stanley’s larger than usual old garments and the untidy, un-clean place of the Yelnats’ family gives an impression of a less blessed family. These filmic codes are fundamental in the development of Stanley’s character. The film codes and shows effectively show Zero’s as a shut, timid and disregarded young man. He also is one of the primary characters in the film and after some time becomes incredible companions with Stanley. At the point when Stanley is acquainted with different young men in camp, Mr. Fernandsci clarifies, â€Å"You know why everybody calls him Zero? Since he has nothing going on in his dumb, little head!†. The impact of this exchange is huge. Zero is presented as an idiotic and powerless kid, yet we comprehend that he is evidently judged and tormented. When the councilor declares this, Zero walks out on the young men and his outward appearance shows outrage and frustration. These emblematic codes hugy affect the viewer’s assessment of zero, proposing that he is an irritated and maybe inaccessible young man. He simply needs everybody to disregard him. The crowd comprehends zero’s quiet yet unsociable character through the fantastic utilization of differe nt film code strategies. The filmic shows are utilized to make a fantasy like environment in the scene where kissing Kate Barlow ends it all. Subsequent to taking and covering the fortune of Stanley’s incredible granddad, she has been abandoned in the desert for a few days. At the point when watchers first observe her lying on the sand, the focal point of the camera is obscured. This specialized code greatly affects the watchers comprehension of the scene, demonstrating that it is a blaze back or memory. Further into the scene, an obscured picture of Sam shows up and Kate mumbles, â€Å"Its so hot Sam yet I feel so cold†. These methods give a feeling that Kate’s vision is obscuring and she is daydreaming a direct result of weariness. This exchange and a few different shots cooperate to make the fanciful, practically ridiculous air. A glad and assuaging air is made with the utilization of film codes in the scene where Stanley and Zero trip god’s thumb and arrive at water. After a nearby getaway from Camp Greenlake, the two young men have been pondering along the desert for a considerable length of time. They have at long last arrived at a rough mountain looking like a thumb, onto which Stanley’s extraordinary granddad had once ascended, and discovered water. Upbeat and exuberant music plays when the young men at long last go to the head of the mountain. The utilization of this method exhibits how Zero and Stanley have at long last arrived at their objectives and the air is plainly appeared. All through this scene, cool hues, for example, blue, purple, dark and violet are utilized. This represents the tranquility of the circumstance and the watcher gives a moan of alleviation, as the primary characters are safe. These filmic codes are significant in the development of a peaceful air in the specific scene. The climate and the characters’ characters in the film are made by the astounding utilization of film codes and shows. Voice overs, non-verbal communication and ensembles are utilized to build the character of Stanley and Zero. Hues, music, distinctive camera shots and discourse are utilized during various scenes to depict the right climate. These different codes give us a superior comprehension of the film and the significant messages.

Escort Services An International Perspective

Escort Services An International Perspective INTRODUCTION This paper will consider a portion of the key issues and difficulties encompassing escort administrations arrangement. Where conceivable the contentions and conversations introduced look to create a more extensive, progressively worldwide view so as to support open discussion around this socially, socially and lawfully delicate point (Laskowski, 2002).â â In looking at this zone, the underlying trouble is in catching a solitary, shared comprehension of what escort administrations are (Scoular O’Neill, 2007). Most cultural desires naturally create a presumption that the individual giving escort administrations is a sex specialist, in spite of the fact that the scope of exercises included can incorporate increasingly kind necessities, for example, social friendship (Burghart, 2017). Many escort offices work inside legitimate national systems by straightforwardly offering such friendship or progressively acknowledged administrations (for example kneads). The individual idea of those exercises at that point makes the earth inside which resulting casual and less open dealings around what sexual administrations (assuming any) can be given by the escort (UK National Escorts Association, 2018).â It in this manner follows that escort administrations include the arrangement of individual, close and customized commitment to a customer for compensation, which could possibly incorporate the arrangement of sexual administrations (Agustin, 2009).â Presumptions AND EXCLUSIONS This paper focusses on the arrangement of female escort administrations, offered straightforwardly or through an organization â€male escort arrangement isn't looked into (Argento, Taylor, Jollimore, Taylor, Jennex, Krusi Shannon, 2016). No assessment of the idea of these administrations is directed, albeit a differentiation is drawn between those exercises considered to be legitimate and unlawful (Jeffreys, 2010). In taking a more extensive, increasingly global viewpoint it is critical to perceive that diverse national methodologies will exist which implies that at times the arrangement of sexual administrations is viewed as legitimate (Outshoorn, 2004). Be that as it may, legitimate acknowledgment doesn't really convert into social and social acknowledgment for either the customer or the escort worker(s) concerned (Agustin, 2009).â The interest for escort administrations, be they lawful or illicit and with or without a sexual component is settled (Burghart, 2017). This paper thusly doesn't think about the point of view of customers however rather focusses on the issues molding the activities and choices of those ladies going about as escorts (Matthews, 2007).â THE EMPOWERMENT CASE For ladies that decide to function as escorts, contentions have been introduced which propose that doing so furnishes them with a place of intensity and authority over their customers (Weitzer, 2007). They work in an area that puts a specific incentive on their aptitudes, capacities and qualities and the lady can direct and control how much she puts herself ‘on the market’ for example regardless of whether to participate in sexual movement or not and provided that this is true, what those demonstrations will be (Cho, Dreher Neumeyer, 2013). While numerous administrations are locked in through a dealer (the Escort Agency) which will take an expense for their association, charges for any extra exercises are regularly orchestrated on an immediate premise between the escort and the customer (Laskowski, 2002).â In any case, such strengthening contentions accept that the lady concerned is working inside the domains of a set up business structure which she can adjust to her own prerequisites (Sanders, O’Neill Pitcher, 2017). They likewise suggest that the ladies has practiced through and through freedom and decision in turning into an escort and that no compulsion has been applied, for example, that seen by and large of individuals dealing (O’Connor, 2017). Indeed, even where no plain intimidation has been applied, ladies may feel that filling in as an escort is the main feasible choice given issues, for example, social/monetary hardship, individual dependence issues and insecure family foundations (Scoular O’Neill, 2007).â Therefore, any strengthening contentions introduced should plainly consider the establishments basic any impression of educated decision (Jeffreys, 2010). Indeed, even where such factors are not an issue, (for example, those ladies from An or B financial gatherings with high total assets customers), the social and social disgrace around escort administrations can constrain the degree to which ladies are genuinely enabled (Szirmai, 2015).â â THE SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE Numerous ladies filling in as escorts consider themselves to be offering a fundamental social support of their networks, supporting customers through times of disturbance and choppiness (Sanders, O’Neill Pitcher, 2017). Models refered to incorporate single men looking for organization (or even sexual administrations) without wishing to go into another enthusiastic relationship and those adapting to the breakdown of a drawn out relationship looking for direction on the best way to reconnect successfully with ladies (Sanders, O’Neill Pitcher, 2017). While drawing in powerless customers looking for enthusiastic as opposed to physical help could be viewed as exploitative, rivalry inside the division could guarantee that customers favor those ladies best ready to address the issues introduced (Koken, 2010).â Authoritative and social requirements do constrain the adequacy of such help given the shame regularly connected with drawing in accompanies, regardless of whether no sexual substance is included (Koken, 2010). It could likewise be contended that the predominant spotlight on meeting physical/sexual prerequisites in the division makes longer-term social issues, as the customers concerned are frequently unfit to frame stable, sincerely stable long haul connections subsequently (Weitzer, 2007). Those customers that routinely use escort administrations to meet both their physical and enthusiastic needs may wind up looking to apply the equivalent value-based speculation to outside connections, unintentionally sabotaging the status of ladies in that network (Sanders, O’Neill Pitcher, 2017).â Where female specialists are truly enabled, at that point social advantages can accumulate. For instance, the working hours included and the salary levels that can be continued may permit them to stay both utilized and powerful, open guardians when they may some way or another depend on state support (Brooks-Gordon, 2006). Be that as it may, the covered up and unlawful nature of a great part of the escort segment economy limits social advantage potential (for example undeclared earnings and government assistance worries for the offspring of sex laborers) (Sanders, O’Neill Pitcher, 2017).â â â THE ECONOMIC RATIONALE Many escort organizations work as authentic business interests, producing charge incomes and giving either paid work or independent work systems for the ladies concerned (UK National Escorts Association, 2018). The incentive is on the arrangement of a booking administration for time and friendship with ladies (UK National Escorts Association, 2018). It is the resulting exchanges among customers and those ladies which might possibly be lawful and which may not really structure some portion of any straightforward business movement which raise concerns (Matthews, 2007). While the idea of business enlistment in the UK makes it hard to distinguish charge incomes explicitly credited to accompany organizations (which regularly register as amusement administrations), it is assessed that prostitution (for example unregulated and untaxed movement) in that nation continues a spend of around  £770M every year (BBC, 2001; UK National Escorts Association, 2018).â â Ladies working in the segment may in this manner can produce and support salaries that their instructive and social foundations would prevent them in wording from claiming increasingly customary business courses (Weitzer, 2007). All things considered, contingent upon the legitimate and administrative systems set up, they might be net monetary supporters of society instead of a channel on national assets (Laskowski, 2007). Be that as it may, such contentions are predicated on the idea of decision and strengthening as those ladies working in the area to continue habit issues will at present spot more prominent requests on wellbeing and social government assistance administrations (Rani, Jain Saxena, 2017). Additionally, the misuse that exists in the segment through sorted out crimes (seemingly fuelled by authoritative and cultural limitations around sex laborers) implies that noteworthy escort incomes stay undetectable to the national exchequers concerned (Sweeney Fitzgerald, 2017). Li kewise, these shrouded incomes can finance exercises which make critical financial and social expenses for the nations concerned (for example the medications exchange, illegal tax avoidance and criminal brutality) (O’Connor, 2017).â â POLITICAL ISSUES Political perspectives encompassing escort administrations are molded by national/provincial societies, cultural desires and the authoritative systems that outcome (Outshoorn, 2004). As a result, in numerous social orders the political administration like to keep up a discrete good ways from the area, instead of take part in open discussion about the job of ladies as escorts (Brooks-Gordon, 2006). While increasingly edified perspectives are developing, for example, the working of authorized foundations with Government wellbeing checking projects and social help, anything outside of non-sexual escort movement is as yet viewed as illicit in numerous zones (Agustin, 2009). This constrains the political help for ladies in the segment to focussing on applying criminal authorizations to customers as opposed to laborers and additionally the advancement of social projects to urge them to investigate elective business choices (Cho, Dreher Neumeyer, 2013).â As a result, numerous ladies functioning as escorts (utilized and independently employed) are denied an authentic political voice inside their social orders (Outshoorn, 2004). This again raises doubt about the idea of strengthening, as it is hard for the ladies worried to impact leaders about their working conditions, paces of pay and business rights (Bartlett Kennedy, 2018)

Should the Constitution be amended to regulate the proportion of Research Paper

Should the Constitution be corrected to manage the extent of delegates with the goal that each would speak to close to 50,00 - Research Paper Example The Equal Protection condition in the U.S constitution necessitates that the House of Representatives distribution conspire be founded on populace to guarantee that the privilege of each resident to approach portrayal and to have their votes weighed similarly with those of every single other resident is authorized. (Anzalone, 2002) Limiting the most extreme number of residents a delegate can speak to can profoundly expand the adequacy if equivalent and dynamic portrayal. The individual citizen’s capacity to practice a compelling voice is the main instrument of state government that embodies direct portrayal (Anzalone, 2002) The establishing fathers of the United States of America proposed that the number of inhabitants in each congressional region ought not surpass 50,000 to maintain the soul of equivalent portrayal. Today, the normal populace of a congressional region in USA is 700,000 individuals which is a major number contrasted with the underlying expected figure. The exp ansion of congressional portrayal with the increment in populace would guarantee that the congressional areas would be equivalent the country over rather than the circumstance today where some congressional regions have practically twofold the number of inhabitants in others to maintain the soul of equity in portrayal. Littler regions would upgrade portrayal of the constituents in law making and casting a ballot of bills. It would likewise improve checking and the board of the constituents by their delegates. The officials wind up being less dynamic on conditions that lead to people to depend on psychological alternate routes of the multifaceted nature of the congressional locale. Accordingly the alteration to grow the quantity of delegates ought to be passed to decrease the size of each congressional (Miler, 2010). The order of this alteration would likewise make battling all the more simple and more affordable since crusading in a 50,000 people region is simpler than battling in a 700,000 people region. The colossal locale are additionally empowering re-appointment of agents regardless of whether they are under entertainers and disadvantaging the minority bunches in the present framework. The establishment of this breaking point would guarantee that the decent variety of the American individuals is very much spoken to in the House of Representatives. This would likewise have a positive ramifications in the reflection offered by the school vote that chooses the president and the VP. A large portion of the lawmakers and their staff are focused on speaking to their constituents however speaking to a few thousand individuals isn't simple. Because of the huge number of populace they are speaking to, they may neglect to consummately speak to their constituents not on the grounds that they are degenerate or benefit a few constituents but since of the outstanding task at hand that they have (Miler, 2010). Expanding the quantity of agents would consequently permit fu ll portrayal without favour’s in the constituents. Then again, if the law is revised with the goal that every agent can speak to not in excess of 50,000 constituents, the quantity of delegates would increment hugely. This would build gauge to an amazing 6000 delegates. There was obviously legitimate reasons why congress constrained the quantity of delegates to 435 of every a change in 1911. There were fears that with the development of the

The Best Choice For Enforcing Educational Advancement examples Essay Example For Students

The Best Choice For Enforcing Educational Advancement models Essay Utilizing one more year to completely comprehend subjects on someone’s own terms and time is the best decision for implementing instructive progression. Projects that were set up to keep understudies quickened at subjects that they essentially didn’t see all have had serious issues. Additionally, individuals are just ready to prevail through gaining from the correct number of slip-ups. At last, the present secondary school way isn't generally the best way to long lasting achievement. These elements all add to the general message that individuals ought to be kept longer than a year in an evaluation if that will support them. Understand that endeavors to abbreviate the hole between understudies of various formative levels have reliably been demonstrated more destructive than essentially using an additional scholastic year. As I referenced previously, programs set up to quicken the insight quantity of the crowded, have serious issues. For example, the No Child Left Behind Law rules out genuine learning, or â€Å"wiggle room†. As indicated by Malcolm Forbes, â€Å"The reason for training is to supplant a vacant psyche with an open one†. Notwithstanding, this isn't an objective mutual with the NCLB Law. Allowing to Craig A Mertler a teacher from the University of West Georgia, the law has a great deal of issues. He has expressed that â€Å"research has refered to the way that enormous scope, high-stakes state administered testing developments really bring about declines in understudy learning. For instance, in their investigation of high-stakes test information from 18 states, Amrein and Berliner (2002) inferred that understudy learning is vague, stays at a similar level it was before the arrangement was executed, or really diminishes accentuation included when high-stakes testing approaches are established. â€Å"This shows that the NCLB l. .ft school and started working ten-hour days in a boot-blacking plant. He later found an extraordinary wellspring of pay and notoriety in writing. We will compose a custom paper on The Best Choice For Enforcing Educational Advancement models explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In outline, laws, for example, the No Child Left Behind Act have a greater number of shortcomings than benefits, because of its powerlessness to think about space for educating, uncommon requirements, and an ideal class size and quality. As observed by Thomas Edison, Winston Churchill, and Albert Einstein, individuals need to gain from their missteps to be genuinely effective. In itself, there are numerous ways throughout everyday life and as observed by Princess Diana, Elton John, and Charles Dickens, advanced education isn't the main methods through which achievement is accessible. Taking everything into account, understudies ought to have the alternative of learning the ideal subjects in an ideal domain, and this may just be feasible through the incidental keeping down of an understudy that needs marginally more assistance in a branch of knowledge.

E-commerce Web site evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Web based business Web webpage assessment - Essay Example The words vehicle and sound don't figure autonomously inside the meta labels for catchphrases. This site would barely be gotten via web indexes in the event that somebody is searching for something as explicit as ‘car sound frameworks in Lancashire’. Google didn't. In any event not in the initial three pages of the list items. The fundamental point is that the landing page neglects to pass on immediately what it is around, a significant slip by in introduction. Not a decent initial introduction. In any case, let us take things each in turn, and attempt to assess the site from the point of view of the most significant highlights that any advantageous web based business site ought to have. The idea of ease of use, which is worried about making programming frameworks simple to learn and simple to utilize, has as of late increased expanded consideration with the turn of events and wide dissemination of end-client intelligent programming applications (Dray 1995, p. 18). Route, hyperlink situating, away from of promotion zone from content region, utilization of shading codes and coherence in configuration are some of angles on which the ease of use of a site depends. The site under assessment doesn't recognize in any case among hypertext and common content. In spite of the fact that underlining of the hyperlinks isn't vital as they are set in the regular left hand route bar, the textual style and shade of the hyperlinks are actually equivalent to other content utilized in the site bringing about the feeling that the location of the firm are additionally hyperlinks. There is additionally no contrast among visited and unvisited joins. This conflicts with the nuts and bolts of site traversability: The manner in which the site shows its items looks particularly like the ads or organization logo that it conveys. Commercial territory and substance zones are not delineated. The risk for this situation lies in how clients will in general sweep website pages: ‘Most broadly, clients display unbelievably incredible pennant visual deficiency. Eye-following examinations have recorded microseconds-long

Career and Internship Fairs

Career and Internship Fairs So,  Im going to talk a little bit about career and internship fairs, but I want you to remember that Im a newbie to them, despite this being my last year of college. Ive (mistakenly) waited until  senior year to start attending them. Like most things in college, getting an early start never hurts. For career fairs in particular, the more you practice how to present your best self to employers and ask the right questions, the better you get. The different colleges on campus and the Career Center put on multiple career fairs, most notably the Engineering and Business Career Fairs, which are massive affairs that span over two days at the ARC and draw Fortune 500 companies, as well as smaller businesses looking to recruit University of Illinois students. Theyre called career fairs, but almost all the employers in attendance want people for full-time jobs and internships. As an English/Economics double major, Ive gone to both the Business Career Fair and the Illini Career and Internship Fair (which features nonprofit organizations, departments of the federal government, Illinois school districts looking to hire teachers, and larger corporations). Career fairs happen both in the fall and spring, but my understanding is that different companies will come at different times of the year, so its best to go to career fairs during both semesters. And how did I prepare for the career fairs Ive gone to this year? 1. I freshened up my resume, and then I had someone else review it. The English department has a career/internship advisor, so I went to her for a little resume review and a pep talk. Your department advisors, department career center, or the campus general Career Center are all great resources to visit pre-career fair. 2. I went out and bought a suit. Career fairs are the the place to dress conservatively and generically. You want to stand out because of your accomplishments, not because youre clearly underdressed. I bought a pair of nice black slacks, a blazer, black high heels, and a white button-upâ€"all on-sale or relatively inexpensive from Target, Kohls, and the Gap. I figured the outfit was an investment for future interviews/career fairs. However, the Career Center also has their  Career Closet, if  you dont own a suit and going out to buy one isnt feasible. You can get gently-used business  attire for free! 3. I researched the companies that were going to attend and picked out a few I planned to visit. i-Link, Illinois career services website full of job postings and professional events,  will let you browse employers and favorite the ones youre most interested in. All Illinois students have access to the site before (and after!) graduation. Its really overwhelming to just show up and wander around a career fair without knowing what to expect. You want to show you have knowledge about a company when you chat with a recruiter so you can impress them and prolong the conversation. When I tried on my suit, I had my roommate take a picture to send to my mom. Ultimately, I wasnt the best or smoothest career fair-attendee, but I survived. I even managed to get a full-time job interview from a company I talked to at the Business Career Fair, which Ill be going to over fall break in a few short weeks! Id say all the fuss  and nervous sweat was worthwhileâ€"a statement that really sums up how I feel about  all scary, adult-type things Ive had to do in college. Maggie Class of 2017 After starting my time at Illinois Undeclared in the Division of General Studies, I’m majoring in English and Economics with a minor in Informatics from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I’m from the relatively small town of Manhattan, Illinois.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - Free Essay Example

Abstract This paper will attempt to encompass the Supplemental nutrition program, but specifically, fraud in this program. The author will detail the history of SNAP, give a description of the program itself, and then go onto analyze the program. From here, the paper will detail how how the program is exploited by fraud, how politicians present this epidemic in mainstream media, and if these claims are true. Finally, the paper will provide an alternate to SNAP, analyze its strengths and weaknesses and compare this to the current program in place. The goal of this research is to try to discover if there can be an alternate to SNAP, or if it would be more sensible to patch the holes in the existing program. Keywords: SNAP, Fraud, Alternative, staple food The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Introduction The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is a program that is designed to help people in the United States who at or below the poverty level. In an ideal state, the United States government will give a stipend to impoverished people, and they can use this money to buy food. But as with any bureaucratic program, there are a lot of holes in this program that would allow someone to take advantage of the American tax payer. The original intent of the program was to help out a struggling American get back on its feet, a helping hand in dark times. But today, instead of a hand up, the program is being used as a hand out. According to â€Å"Time Magazine,† SNAP, also known as â€Å"Food Stamps† is a $70 billion program that provides assistance to 44 million Americans. A government program this big is bound to have some holes that allow for the system to be exploited. This paper will attempt to provide a description of the program, detail the programs structure, how fraud is committed, how politicians use this as a platform, give an alternative to the program, explain its strength and weaknesses, and compare this to the existing program. The end of the paper will decide whether to keep the current system, or whether to move towards an alternative measure. What is the Supplemental Nutrition Program and how does one Qualify? As previously discussed in the paper, SNAP, or â€Å"food stamps† is a program that is designed to help those in need. The program itself is run by the United States Department of Agriculture, however, requirements vary from State to State, and for how many people reside in that household. For example, according to â€Å"benefits.gov†, a four-person household in the State of Florida has a maximum total income of $49,200 before taxes in order to receive benifts. Overall, standard requirements across the country require the applicant to be a citizen of the United States and a citizen of the state that you are applying for benefits from, and a Social Security number. According to the â€Å"Center on Budget and Policy Priorities†, the average household receives $253. This money is then distributed on an Electric Benefit Transfer (EBT) card and can be used like a debit card. According to the â€Å"United States Department of Agriculture: Food and Nutrition service,† EBT benefits can be used to purchase food for a household. Food can be classified into two categories; Luxury and staple. The staple foods include bread, foods fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, poultry dairy, and seeds. Luxury foods include junk food, sodas, steak, bakery items, and seafood. T he benefits received can also not be used on things that are inessential to the household, such as pet food, paper products, or medicine. Retailers and SNAP However, it is not just people who need benefits that who have criteria to meet in regards to EBT. Retailers have to meet eligibility requirements in order to accept a customer’s EBT benefits. According to the â€Å"United States Department of Agriculture: Food and Nutrition,† there are one of two criteria that a retailer must meet. These criteria are â€Å"inventory of staple foods† and â€Å"sales of staple foods.† In order to qualify under the criteria â€Å"inventory of staple foods† the retailer has to have â€Å"three stocking units of three staple food varieties in each of the four staple food categories, including three stocking units of one perishable in at least two food categories† (United States Department of Agriculture: Food and Nutrition Services). In order to qualify for â€Å"sale of staple foods,† the retailer has to have at least 50% of its total sales come from the sales of staple foods. It is important to mention t he retailer because they can commit SNAP fraud as well. What is SNAP Fraud? According to the â€Å"United States Department of Agriculture: Food and Nutrition Services,† there are three kinds of SNAP benefit fraud. The first kind, is when SNAP benefits are exchanged for cash, or also known as trafficking. The second way to commit SNAP fraud, happens when someone lies on their application and receive benefits, or get more than they were supposed to. The third way fraud is committed is when the retailer has been disqualified from the program for prior abuse and lies on the application to get back in. Although these terms seem full of jargon, â€Å"Time† gives a couple of really good examples. According to â€Å"Time,† food stamp recipients in Ohio were selling their benefits to merchants in exchange for cash. Ever since the economy collapsed in 2008, there has been a staggering increase in benefit fraud. The most recent data, according to â€Å"Forbes,† SNAP fraud has increased 61%. What is most fascinating about this fact, is that 5% fewer people are receiving benefits. The United States Department of Agriculture estimates that every cent on the dollar is being used fraudulently by members of SNAP. It is estimated by â€Å"Forbes† that annually $592.7 million was stolen in 2016, which is comparable to $367.1 million in 2012. â€Å"Forbes also estimates in 2016 there have been 963,965 investigations nation wide. Much like the statistic stated above, although the investigations have increased by 30%, the program cut spending by $8.1 billion in a four-year period. According to â€Å"CNN,† we should expect to see another $17 billion cut in 2019. What should be taken away from these statistics, is that the USDA is doing its job by cracking down on fraud. The Statistics These statistics were provided by the â€Å"Center on Budget and Policies Prioritie† article â€Å"SNAP is effective and efficient.† These statistics show people who were both over paid, and under paid from the years 1990-2011. According to the â€Å"Center on Budget and Policy Priorities,† over paid is defined as â€Å"benefits either went to to ineligible house holds, or went to eligible house holds in incorrect amounts.† As we can see by this graph, less than three percent of household were overpaid in 2011. Moreover, the article goes on to say that a majority of the time, overpayment is not done out of malicious intent, but rather, are honest mistakes by either the applicant, the application reviewers, or by the data enters. The United States Department of Agriculture has begun to put in safety net systems to make sure that all eligible households are receiving the proper amount, and ineligible households are declined from the program. Punishment for Fraud Depending on how much an individual fraudulently took, they can be charged with either a felony or a misdemeanor in the state of Florida. According to â€Å"Hussein and Webber Law Firm,† anytime a person uses less than $200 a month for twelve consecutive months, this individual will be charged with a misdemeanor in the first degree, which is punishable by a $1,000, a year of probation, or a year in jail. If an individual has taken more than $200 a month for twelve consecutive months, this individual can be charged with a felony in the third degree, which is punishable by a $10,000 fine, five years in jail or five years of probation. SNAP Fraud in Politics The past couple of years, SNAP has become the target of the republican party. In an effort â€Å"protect the American tax payer,† several politicians have made made the reform, or at least targeting abusers, of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program a part of their platform. As a result, the Obama and Trump administrations have aggressively targeted abusers of the program. The most recent statistics on fraud was published in 2017 by the â€Å"Uni ted States Department of Agriculture: Food and Nutrition Services,† which claims they used a â€Å"robust investigation process† which has lead to 849 stores being permanently removed from the program, and sanctioned 549. In 2012, 1,400 were permanently removed from the program. These statistics give credibility to their claim that they indeed have among the lowest fraud rate in federal programs. Anti-Obesity SNAP: An alternative There has been a vein of thought running through the Public Administration community which Craig Gurdsen addresses in â€Å"SNAP Matters: How food stamps effect Health and Well-being,† which is that SNAP leads to higher levels of obesity. The individuals who contend this point that by moving SNAP in the direction of anti-obesity, they can begin to eradicate fraud, and end a perceived problem of recipients of SNAP being obese. Logic would tell one, that you cannot make someone do something that they do not want to do. As Gurdsen notes, this program was founded to help end hunger in the country. Although he did find that SNAP had positive effects on obesity on a subset of the population, if this program was implemented, it would be likely that both poverty and hunger levels will rise across the country. People who receive the benefits would rather use the cash-like system to continue to buy what they want, rather than being constrained to fight the new criteria of an â€Å"anti -obesity† welfare service. American Harvest Box: An alternative According to â€Å"CNN,† Another reform to the program that the Trump administration has suggested is taking an approach much like â€Å"Blue apron† and providing â€Å"meal kits.† What the administration dubs â€Å"American Harvest Box,† includes canned good and cereals. Considering the constraints that the institution faces, this is as realistic of an alternative where the government distributes food is going against. This American Harvest Box the idea of â€Å"staple foods† which allows the individual to buy nutritious food, and instead would deliver the box of food to the door of the recipient. When this idea is given some thought, it is easy to see how terrible this idea is. The recipient would go from receiving benefits to buy nutritious foods, to receiving food which Jill Filipovic calls â€Å"canned sodium saturated goods.† If the administration implements this, sure it would solve a short term problem of ending fraud and extortion of the American tax payer, but the long term implications are much scarier than the current implications. Much like the anti-obesity reform, it is possible to see an increased level of poverty, but also the level of obesity would increase because of the content of the food being distributed. Besides this, because it would be a large government-operation, it would be possible for the food to go bad, and to still be distributed. Although this is the mo st feasible option to end the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, it is still not a good reform. Final decision After considering the anti-obesity program and the American Harvest Box, the choice is clear. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, with all of its flaws, is the best option. Even though there is a problem with fraud, the United States Department of Agriculture has implemented new investigative techniques, and has announced new programs that would allow for States, such as Massachusetts to communication with the headquarters in Washington DC, and communicate with other states. â€Å"Communicate† in the Context of the previous sentence means to exchange information regarding potential fraudulent occurrences. With the Anti-Obesity program, there was in fact a positive relationship between Obesity and receiving SNAP benefits, but to change the entire program because of a subset of the population is unreasonable. There are certain needs that an individual needs that cannot be catered to if they have to abide by a certain standard of food under the program. There is a similar problem with the American Harvest Box. This program would deny people the freedom to buy t heir own food, and would instead give them a box food that could have gone bad, regardless of their health conditions, such as allergies or high blood pressure. While both of these programs have potential, you cannot deny the allure of freedom to buy the foods that you need. A potential way to fix the problem in the Supplemental Nutrition assistance program, is to only allow chain retailers to use benefits, instead of anyone who meets the minimum requirements, because most cases of fraud come from small stores. Another way to fix the problem, is to create a wider safety net around the application pool, by making sure both the date entered, and the application is reviewed properly, and entered into their system correctly, to make sure that households are neither receiving more benefits than they need, or receiving less benefits. Conclusion To conclude, the problem of fraud is not as wide spread as it once was. Under previous administrations, the United States Department of Agriculture has been given the tools necessary to end the exploitation of the tax payer.